CMS Promotes National Poverty in America Awareness Month Resources

During January, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Office of Minority Health (CMS OMH) recognizes National Poverty in America Awareness Month. The United States measures poverty based on how income compares to a federal guide. In 2021, an individual was considered to be living in poverty if their income was lower than $12,880, $26,500 for a family of four.  The poverty rate in 2021 was 12.8%, an increase from the 11.4% rate recorded in 2020. American Indian/Alaskan Native individuals were the most impacted (25.9%), followed by Black Americans (21.7%), Hispanic Americans (17.6%), Asian/Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (10.2%), and White Americans (9.5%).

Poverty in the United States is concentrated in specific regions, counties, and neighborhoods. These areas face obstacles such as poor housing and health conditions, higher crime and school dropout rates, lower employment opportunities, and lack of healthy foods, contributing to social determinants of health. Rural poverty rates continue to be higher than urban rates, with Black Americans being the most likely to live in poverty in nonmetro areas. The Southern United States had the highest rural and urban poverty rates (19.7% and 13.8) between 2015 and 2019 while the Northeast had the lowest (12.9% and 12%).

Poverty is shown to influence health outcomes, with unmet social needs, environmental factors, and barriers to accessing health care contributing to worse health outcomes for people with lower incomes. Those who qualify as impoverished may have more difficulty obtaining health insurance or paying for expensive procedures and medications. Children comprise the largest age group experiencing poverty and childhood poverty is associated with developmental delays, toxic stress, chronic illness, and nutritional deficits.

CMS OMH calls for an advancement in health equity for American’s during National Poverty in America Month. Visit the below resources for additional information on how to help during National Poverty in America Awareness Month.

Resources

Visit the ASPE’s FAQs for poverty guidelines and general poverty.

Pennsylvania Governor Highlights Substance Use Disorder Prevention, Education Tool for Restaurant and Hospitality Workers  

The Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs (DDAP) and Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED) joined C&J Catering employees to discuss substance use disorder (SUD) in the restaurant and hospitality industries, highlighting the importance of SUD education and prevention for employees and employers.

“Just below the construction and mining industries, the restaurant industry has a high rate of substance use disorder among its employees,” said DDAP Special Assistant to the Secretary Steve Ross. “Long, irregular hours and high-pressure, physically demanding work can all have an impact on an individual’s behavioral health. We must ensure that employers and employees know about every resource available to them to support individuals living with the disease of addiction. It is also critical to keep providing education to all employers and all Pennsylvanians to address the stigma still faced by those who are struggling with substance use disorder.”

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital reported an increase in opioid overdose deaths among restaurant-industry workers in Philadelphia in 2020. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics, the restaurant industry holds more than four million available positions across the country and is projected to grow faster than the average for all occupations from now until 2031.

“We need to make sure we are providing employees in the tourism industry, and their families, with the SUD resources and support they need to navigate these difficult situations,” said DCED Executive Director of Tourism Michael Chapaloney. “In the tourism industry, the restaurant industry – in all industries – we want employees to be both physically and mentally healthy.”

Pennsylvania Governor Wolf’s Administration’s Just Five initiative is a self-paced program designed to increase awareness, reduce stigma, and provide education about SUD prevention and treatment. It is displayed as six short learning modules that each take “just five” minutes to complete. The interactive lessons include:

  • The Science of Addiction
  • Are You at Risk?
  • The Dangers of Opioids
  • Signs, Symptoms and Treatment
  • How You Can Help
  • The Gift of Recovery

DDAP rolled out a version of Just Five to Pennsylvania commonwealth employees in May 2021 and an additional version of Just Five is available to all of Pennsylvania’s workforce. Since roll out, the statewide Just Five tool has had nearly 12,000 new users and users, with an average of 12 minutes of engagement per session.

Use of the Just Five website is completely confidential and voluntary, and no personal information regarding utilization of the program is shared. It can be accessed virtually from anywhere at any time with no registration required. The program is also available in English and Spanish and accessible for individuals with visual and/or hearing impairments.

DDAP operates the Get Help Now hotline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357). The hotline is a trusted resource for individuals and/or their loved ones if SUD treatment or resources are needed. The hotline is confidential, available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and staffed by trained professionals who will connect callers to resources in their community. Callers can also be connected with funding if they need help paying for treatment.

To learn more about the Wolf Administration’s efforts in combating the addiction crisis, visit ddap.pa.gov.

 

Thriving PA Report Highlights WIC Program Community Feedback

Thriving PA’s newest report, WIC Participants Encourage Improvements to Remove Barriers to Access, highlights community feedback about the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, commonly referred to as WIC. Over the summer, Thriving PA partnered with several community organizations across the state to hold seven focus sessions with current and former WIC clients to hear directly from their experiences on the strengths and barriers of the WIC program.

The WIC program provides eligible pregnant and postpartum women and infants and children up to age 5 with access to nutritious foods, breastfeeding supports, nutritional education, and health referrals. Unfortunately, participation in PA’s WIC program has been declining in recent years, a trend that is happening nationally. From 2018-2022, the PA program saw nearly a 25% decline in participation. The pandemic also impacted these numbers, with Pennsylvania seeing the third largest decrease in participation from February 2020 to February 2022.

To address the declining participation, which impacts the federal funding Pennsylvania receives to administer the program, Thriving PA sought out direct feedback from participants to identify solutions to the WIC program’s challenges. Many of the recommendations in the report highlight opportunities to modernize the program and provide greater flexibility for participants. Some recommendations include technology improvements like moving to an online EBT card system and simplifying the application process through system integration with other state application systems like COMPASS. Others include allowing virtual visits to continue and coordinate care between health professionals, so participants do not need to provide the same information to multiple providers.

Thriving PA hopes the incoming administration and WIC Advisory, a stakeholder group formed earlier this year, will consider the recommendations from WIC clients to help improve the WIC program and increase participation statewide.

Pennsylvania Partnerships for Children Releases Annual Health Care Report

Pennsylvania’s child uninsured rate improved slightly to 4.4% from 4.6% during the COVID-19 pandemic thanks to the federal continuous coverage provision that prevents states from disenrolling children and families from Medicaid during the public health emergency, according to our recently released 2022 State of Children’s Health report.

Even more families turned to Medicaid during the pandemic when child enrollment increased by 20%. More than 1.4 million Pennsylvania children currently have Medicaid as their health insurance.

We are cautiously optimistic about the improvement in our child uninsured rate in Pennsylvania. While we have made progress, Pennsylvania has the 8th highest number of uninsured children in the nation, with 126,000 children who do not have health insurance and don’t have regular access to preventive and primary health care.

And hundreds of thousands of children are at risk of losing Medicaid coverage when the public health emergency ends and the state begins to unwind the disenrollment freeze and resume pre-pandemic operations. According to the latest estimates from DHS, 1 in 4 children enrolled in Medicaid could lose coverage when the public health emergency ends and the process to redetermine eligibility begins.

It will be imperative for DHS to implement an unwinding process that does not disconnect the children most at risk of losing coverage, particularly when Pennsylvania’s uninsured rate is starting to improve.

We recommend DHS:

  • Reaffirm its commitment to using a 12-month unwinding period as recommended by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, which most other states plan to use. Using the full 12 months permitted will give Pennsylvania the best chance to minimize inappropriate terminations and disruptions in coverage (churn) that often impact children more than the adult population.
  • Immediately expand the 12-month continuous eligibility policy to children ages 4 through 21 in Medicaid when the public health emergency ends to make it more equitable—Pennsylvania already provides 12-month continuous eligibility (regardless of changes in circumstances) in Medicaid for children up to age 4. All Pennsylvania children in CHIP have continuous eligibility for a full year.

According to the report, factors such as race and ethnicity, poverty level and geographic region impact children’s access to health insurance. Some additional key findings include the following:

  • Hispanic or Latino children, children who identified as Some Other Race, and children who identified as Two or More Races have worse rates now than in 2019, showing they are more likely to be uninsured.
  • 5% of children in PA who qualify for no-cost or reduced-cost health insurance through Medicaid, CHIP, or Pennie™ do not have health insurance.
  • The uninsured rates improved in 38 counties and worsened in 29 counties over the last two years.

New to this year’s report are fact sheets for each of the 67 counties that show the local uninsured rate, race and ethnicity profiles, and public health insurance enrollment data.

Read the latest coverage:

February is National Children’s Dental Health Month

The American Dental Association’s Council on Advocacy for Access and Prevention has materials for 2023 National Children’s Dental Health Month (NCDHM) ready to ship! Free bilingual posters are available to ship. New this year, you can purchase postcards either in English or Spanish. Additional resources, including activity sheets and a planning guide, can be found on the NCDHM website.

Click here to order materials.

Felt for Miles: The Ripple Effect of Rural Hospital Closures

Rural hospitals may be geographically isolated from their urban counterparts, but when they shutter, the effects are felt for miles.

A recent study from the Hershey, Pa.-based Penn State College of Medicine has quantified those impacts. Researchers analyzed the average rate of change for inpatient admissions and emergency department visits at bystander hospitals — those within 30 miles of a selected 53 hospitals that closed between 2005 and 2016  — two years before and two years after the nearby closure.

Researchers found that two years prior to a rural hospital closure, bystander hospitals’ emergency department visits increased an average of 3.59 percent. Two years following a closure, emergency department visits increased an average of 10.22 percent.

Similarly, two years prior to a rural hospital closure, bystander hospitals’ average admissions fell by 5.73 percent. Average admissions rose by 1.17 percent in the two years following a closure.

“We know rural areas, especially regions like Appalachia, are at increased risk for diseases of despair including alcoholism, accidental poisonings and suicide,” Jennifer Kraschnewski, MD, director of Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute said in a Dec. 13 Penn State news article. “Increased burden at bystander hospitals and health care institutions may cause these problems to proliferate if other public health interventions aren’t identified and implemented.”

The study results were published in September in the Journal of Hospital Medicine. 

HHS Proposes Rule to Strengthen Beneficiary Protections, Improve Access to Behavioral Health Care, and Promote Equity for Millions of Americans with Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), proposed a rule to strengthen Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage for the tens of millions of people who rely on the programs for health care coverage. The proposed rule improves protections for people with Medicare, expands access to behavioral health care, and promotes equity in coverage. The proposed rule also implements a key provision of the Inflation Reduction Act to make prescriptions drugs more affordable for approximately 300,000 low-income individuals who will benefit in 2024.

“We are taking feedback from thousands of Americans and turning it into concrete action to strengthen Medicare for the millions of Americans who rely on it,” said HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra. “From streamlining prior authorization to cracking down on misleading marketing, we are committed to ensuring that everyone can have peace of mind and get the health care they need.”

“We continue working tirelessly to implement President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act. Yesterday, thanks to the new law, we are taking action to lower costs and expand access to affordable prescription drug coverage for hundreds of thousands of people with Medicare, including communities of color and those living on fixed incomes,” the Secretary continued. “CMS released a proposed rule today that takes important steps to hold Medicare Advantage plans accountable for providing high quality coverage and care to enrollees,” said CMS Administrator Chiquita Brooks-LaSure. “The rule also strengthens Medicare prescription drug coverage and implements an important provision of the Inflation Reduction Act to help more people with Medicare who have modest incomes afford their prescriptions.”

A July 2022 Request for Information on Medicare Advantage drew almost 4,000 comments regarding improvements to the program. We thank stakeholders for their thoughtful feedback, and the policies in this proposed rule are informed by the feedback received.

In this rule, CMS proposes significant changes to strengthen protections for people enrolled in or seeking coverage from Medicare Advantage plans or Medicare Part D prescription drug plans, including through improvements to prior authorization, coverage guidelines, and plan marketing requirements. The rule proposes clarifications and revisions to regulations governing when and how Medicare Advantage plans develop and use coverage criteria and utilization management policies to ensure Medicare Advantage enrollees receive the same access to medically necessary care they would receive in Traditional Medicare. The rule also proposes policies to streamline prior authorization requirements and reduce disruption for enrollees. It does this by requiring that a granted prior authorization approval remain valid for an enrollee’s full course of treatment, requiring Medicare Advantage plans to annually review utilization management policies, and requiring coverage determinations be reviewed by professionals with relevant expertise. These proposed policies complement proposals in CMS’ recently announced Advancing Interoperability and Improving Prior Authorization Processes Proposed Rule (CMS-0057-P).

Additionally, the proposed rule focuses on protecting people exploring Medicare Advantage and Part D coverage from confusing and potentially misleading marketing while also ensuring access to accurate and necessary information to make coverage choices. The proliferation of certain television advertisements generically promoting Medicare Advantage enrollment has been a topic of concern. To address this, CMS proposes to prohibit ads that do not mention a specific plan name as well as ads that use words and imagery that may be confusing, or use language or logos in a way that is misleading, confusing, or misrepresents the plan. CMS also proposes to codify guidance protecting people with Medicare or exploring Medicare coverage from misleading marketing and ensure they are not pressured into enrolling into plans that may not best meet their needs. Further, CMS is proposing to strengthen the role of plans in monitoring agent and broker activity.

“People exploring Medicare coverage options deserve peace of mind that they are receiving honest, transparent, and accurate information about health coverage options and have access to the care they need. These proposed protections are commonsense and critical to the physical, mental, and financial stability of millions of people who choose a Medicare coverage option each year,” said Dr. Meena Seshamani, CMS Deputy Administrator and Director of the Center for Medicare.

CMS remains committed to emphasizing the invaluable role that access to behavioral health plays in whole person care. In line with CMS’ Behavioral Health Strategy and the Administration’s strategy to address the national mental health crisis, CMS proposes to strengthen behavioral health network adequacy by adding clinical psychologists, licensed clinical social workers, and prescribers of medication for opioid use disorder to the list of evaluated specialties. CMS also proposes new minimum wait time standards for behavioral health and primary care services and more specific notice requirements from plans to patients when these providers are dropped from their networks. Finally, CMS proposes to require most types of Medicare Advantage plans include behavioral health service in care coordination programs, ensuring that behavioral health care is a core part of person-centered care planning.

Additionally, the proposed rule reinforces CMS’ commitment to advancing health equity and driving quality in health coverage. For the first time, CMS proposes establishing a health equity index in the Star Ratings program that would reward excellent care for underserved populations by Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D plans. The rule also proposes updates to the Medicare Part D medication therapy management (MTM) program to improve access, including a proposed requirement that plans include all 10 core chronic diseases identified by CMS — including HIV/AIDS — in their MTM targeting criteria. Plans would also be required to provide culturally competent care to an expanded list of populations and to improve equitable access to care for those with limited English proficiency, through newly proposed interpreter standards and the requirement that materials be provided in alternate formats and languages. Finally, the proposed rule would balance the emphasis between patient experience, complaints, and access Star Ratings measures and health outcomes Star Ratings measures to more effectively focus both on patient-centric care and on improving clinical outcomes.

In order to implement section 11404 of the Inflation Reduction Act (Pub. L. 117-169), CMS proposes to expand eligibility under the low-income subsidy (LIS) program. Under the IRA provision and proposal, individuals with incomes up to 150% of the federal poverty level and who meet statutory resource requirements will qualify for the full LIS beginning on or after January 1, 2024. This change will provide the full LIS to those who would currently qualify for the partial LIS, improving access to affordable prescription drug coverage and lowering costs. As a result of this change, eligible enrollees will have no deductible, no premiums (if enrolled in a “benchmark” plan), and fixed, lowered copayments for certain medications.

The proposed rule can be accessed at the Federal Register at https://www.federalregister.gov/public-inspection/current. Comments on the proposed rule are due by February 13, 2023.

New CDC Guidelines for Opioid Prescribing Announced

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued a new Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain. This guideline provides recommendations for clinicians providing pain care, including those prescribing opioids, for outpatients over 18 years of age. It updates the previous CDC guideline and includes recommendations for managing acute (duration of less than one month), subacute (duration of 1–3 months) and chronic (duration of more than three months) pain.

Click here for more information.

Rural Hospital CFOs Don’t See Telehealth As a Solution to Financial Challenges

While rural CFOs acknowledge that telehealth has some financial advantages, they do not believe that it has improved their hospitals’ financial situations, according to a Dec. 5 report published in The American Journal of Managed Care.

The report’s authors interviewed 20 rural hospital CFOs and other hospital administrators from 10 states between October 2021 and January 2022. 17 represented critical access hospitals and 3 represented short-term acute care hospitals, according to the report.

Five findings to know:

  1. The CFOs interviewed reported that limited reimbursement, low volumes, preference for in-person care, and insufficient broadband were key challenges to telehealth’s financial viability.
  2. Most CFOs interviewed believed that telehealth was a loss leader or had a neutral impact on their finances.
  3. Of the hospitals featured in the sample, all but one operated multiple telehealth programs. CFOs shared that their motivation to implement telehealth was driven more by improving quality and, in some cases, keeping up with competition, rather than improving their financial position.
  4. The CFOs said that telehealth requires substantial initial investment in technology and the downstream financial benefits are hard to quantify and not always realized.
  5. Some CFOs interviewed said that the requirement that critical access hospitals maintain an average length of stay of less than 96 hours was a barrier to the growth of their impatient and ED-based telehealth programs.