Four vaccines for the novel coronavirus are now in late-stage testing in people in the United States. Here are some details:

• Johnson & Johnson vaccine – The vaccine uses noninfectious adenovirus, a common cold virus, to deliver a gene from the novel coronavirus to human cells and produce copies of the SARS-CoV-2 protein, potentially priming immune cells to fight infection. The vaccine is being tested as a single dose and can be stored refrigerated for at least three months, potentially alleviating some of the concerns about the logistics of distribution.
• Moderna vaccine – Messenger RNA, genetic material carrying information about a viral protein, is delivered to cells that produce the protein, which the immune system is then trained to recognize. RNA vaccines are a newer technology, favored for their potential speed in development, but none have been approved for humans for any virus. The vaccine is being given in two doses and is stored frozen.
• Pfizer vaccine – This vaccine is also an mRNA vaccine being tested as two doses. It currently requires storage at -70°C (-94°F). Pfizer has an initial agreement with the U.S. government for 100 million doses if the vaccine is approved, with an option for 500 million more doses.
• AstraZeneca/Oxford University vaccine – Similar to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, this candidate is a viral vector vaccine but uses a different adenovirus. The vaccine’s trial in the U.S. is currently paused after a “suspected adverse event” in a participant in a U.K. trial of the vaccine. It is being given in two doses and is expected to require refrigeration.

Amidst growing public skepticism and distrust of vaccines, the FDA is planning to tighten requirements for assessing a vaccine’s safety and effectiveness, the Washington Post reported.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released an MMWR on the Changing Age Distribution of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S. between May and August, 2020. A key finding is that during June-August 2020, COVID-19 incidence was highest in persons aged 20-29 years, who accounted for >20% of all confirmed cases. Strict adherence to community mitigation strategies and personal preventive behaviors by younger adults is needed to help reduce infection and subsequent transmission to persons at higher risk for severe illness.

HHS announced on Oct. 1 that it is making an additional $20 billion in Provider Relief Fund (PRF) funding available to “frontline” providers — including those who have already received the full amount they were eligible for under the General Distribution. For FQHCs, this amount was two percent of 2018 net patient revenues. It is unclear how much any provider will be eligible for; it will likely depend on total requests received. HHS recommends that providers apply early, starting the week of October 4. NACHC and PACHC are working to learn more and will share more information as we can. Click here for a copy of the HHS press release.

The White House physician confirmed on October 1 that President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump have both tested positive for COVID-19. The President and First Lady are well currently and plan to quarantine. Click here to read the memorandum from the President’s physician.

This week, House leadership released a trimmed-down version of the HEROES Act, their original fourth COVID-19 relief package, which was first passed by the chamber last May. The ‘skinny’ HEROES Act is a $2.2 trillion bill that offers a compromise between the House’s original three trillion-dollar bill and the Senate’s one trillion dollar HEALS Act. The package contains $7.6 billion in emergency funding for Community Health Centers , as well as $1 billion for health workforce programs, including the National Health Service Corps and the Nurse Corps. For more information on the bill, see the bill’s section-by-section breakdown available on the House Appropriations Committee website.

This guidance, released last week, informs Provider Relief Fund (PRF) recipients who received payments exceeding $10,000 of the data elements that they must report for calendar years 2019 and 2020 as part of their terms and conditions.  It provides detail on how to report expenses attributable to COVID-19, including general and administrative, health care related, and lost revenue.

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reviews data collection, equipment and testing supplies, and economic payouts, among other issues related to the pandemic and makes 16 recommendations to address them. Read more here.

Track the Pandemic with The Daily Yonder’s new Covid-19 Dashboard. The Daily Yonder is tracking the spread of Covid-19 across rural America. Their dashboard is updated weekly with the latest numbers, interactive maps and graphics, and related reporting.