New Research Brief: Outcomes of Very Preterm Infants May Vary Across Health Systems

Nearly one in every 10 infants in the United States is born preterm, or before 37 weeks of gestational age, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infants born with very low birthweights — under 3.3 pounds at birth — are disproportionately very preterm — 29-weeks gestation or earlier. These infants make up 1% of births, but account for more than half of infant deaths in the United States each year. The mortality rate for infants born very preterm, and length of hospital stay, may vary across health systems, according to a new study by researchers at Penn State.

Led by Jeannette Rogowski, professor of health policy and administration at Penn State, the team found that where a very preterm baby is born or receives care immediately after birth can increase or decrease the chance of survival by two percentage points. The findings, which the researchers said demonstrate potential for quality improvement among the nation’s neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in health systems, were published in JAMA Network Open.

A previous study led by Rogowski found that approximately 84% of very preterm infants are born in a hospital that is part of a consolidated multi-hospital system — a system with two or more hospitals. Among pediatric patients, very preterm infants are the most vulnerable population. However, the variation in the quality of care for very preterm infants across health systems was unknown. This study was the first to address this question, according to Rogowski.

Read more.

School Professional Oral Health Training Toolkit Launched

The Pennsylvania Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics and the Healthy Teeth, Healthy Children Program launched the School Professional Oral Health Training toolkit. This resource is designed to support school professionals in promoting oral health within the school community. The toolkit includes practical guidance, engaging materials, and evidence-based strategies to help integrate oral health into everyday school life. Please consider sharing this toolkit with your school networks and anyone else that would benefit.

Click here to view the toolkit.

Purposeful Change, Shared Vision: HRSA’s Commitment to Stakeholder-Driven OPTN Reform

Modernization of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) aims to create a more fair, safe, and effective organ donation, procurement, and transplantation system. At the heart of this effort is stakeholder engagement, an essential component for ensuring that reforms are grounded in real-world experiences and responsive to the needs of those most affected.

Patients, clinicians, donor families, organ procurement organizations (OPOs), transplant centers, histocompatibility labs, and others invested in the success and safety of the system bring critical perspectives that help us build a stronger system together. Input from the people who wait on a lifesaving phone call, the people who wake up in the middle of the night to care for a patient at bedside, and the people who transport an organ from a compassionate donor to a sick patient, provide firsthand insight into the challenges and opportunities that may arise from proposed changes.

By actively listening to stakeholders, HRSA is working to improve OPTN system performance through on-the-ground expertise from healthcare providers and facilities. This approach promotes fairness by identifying and addressing barriers within the organ procurement and transplant process—and ensures patient-centered outcomes by aligning reforms with the real needs of both donors and transplant recipients.

Modernizing the OPTN isn’t just about updating technology or policies, it’s about building a system that reflects the voices and needs of the broader organ procurement and transplant community. Stakeholder engagement ensures this process is not only informed but also collaborative.

Organizational Factors Associated with Using Telehealth Services: Perspectives from Leaders of Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers 

The COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (PHE) drove the expanded use of telehealth, during which time healthcare providers deferred elective and preventive visits and many patients avoided necessary healthcare services to minimize their risk of exposure, resulting in a shift to telehealth to provide access to essential healthcare services.

To date, little information has been available on the organizational challenges associated with the provision of telehealth services by Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). This project asked leaders in selected RHCs and FQHCs to identify challenges, trends, and resources needed in adapting telehealth services to their settings.

Finding of this study include implementation and operational challenges as well as opportunities.

Please click here to read the brief.

Rural Telehealth Research Center
Rural Telehealth Research Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1008 RCP, Iowa City, IA 52242
Email: rtrc-inquiry@uiowa.edu
www.ruraltelehealth.org

Study Links Health Center Closures to Higher County Mortality Rates

The loss of Community Health Center (CHC), sites in the United States is associated with a significant increase in county-level mortality, particularly in underserved areas, according to a new national study.

The peer-reviewed study, which was published in April 2025 in Health Services Research, analyzed data from 3,142 U.S. counties between 2011 and 2019, and found that counties that lost CHC sites in 2014 experienced an average increase of 3.54 age-adjusted all-cause deaths per 100,000 residents in the year following the loss. This increase was most pronounced in cancer-related deaths, which rose by 2.61 deaths per 100,000 residents. The closures appeared to have a lasting impact in the years that followed, according to the researchers.

Learn more.

What Is an HRA? Learn More.

Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs) reimburse employees for medical expenses and are offered and funded by employer contributions. If an employer offers an HRA the employee can use that benefit to enroll in health coverage through Pennie, but this may affect their eligibility for tax credits. This information must be added to their Pennie application and the Advanced Premium Tax Credits (APTC) amount adjusted to prevent tax liability.

There are several types of HRAs, including individual coverage health reimbursement arrangements (ICHRA) and qualified small employer health reimbursement arrangements (QSEHRA). Individuals offered an ICHRA are not eligible for APTC, but those offered a QSEHRA might be based on other factors. If an individual is offered an HRA, they should receive information from their employer regarding the type of HRA offered. This information will also include the amount of the benefit, effective dates, other family members who may be covered, if minimal essential coverage is required, and any other terms set forth by the employer.

Healthy Children, Healthy Teeth Toolkit Launched

Pennsylvania Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics and the Healthy Teeth, Healthy Children program is excited to announce that the School Professional Oral health Training (SPOT) toolkit is now ready to view and share. This comprehensive resource is designed to support all school professionals in promoting oral health within their school communities. The SPOT toolkit includes practical guidance, engaging materials, and evidence-based strategies to help integrate oral health into everyday school life.

Find Great Data on Pennsylvania Department of Human Services Dashboards and Reports

Did you know you can check out all the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services (DHS) data and reports in one place? Check out the DHS Data Dashboards and Reports page for Medicaid data by county, legislative district, and more. The page also includes data for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Report topics include child welfare, county block grant funds, early childhood education, developmental programs, long-term care, Medicaid, mental health, personal care homes, and the Office of Long-Term Living.

Click here to view the webpage.

Pennsylvania Bipartisan Bill Supports Hiring International Medical School Graduates

The Pennsylvania House Health Committee is supporting legislation to help hire international medical school graduates to work in underserved areas. House Bill 425, sponsored by Rep. Kristin Marcell (R-Bucks) and Rep. Arvind Venkat (D-Allegheny), authorizes state grants to pay a share of a graduate’s salary in exchange for three years of practicing in medically underserved areas of Pennsylvania. If passed, this funding could help rural health centers meet the prevailing wage requirements of visa waiver programs.

Pennsylvania BEAD Restructuring Policy Notice: Unlicensed Fixed Wireless and BEAD Location Eligibility 

The Pennsylvania Broadband Development Authority (PBDA) is notifying unlicensed fixed wireless (ULFW) providers who currently operate in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the opportunity to demonstrate that BEAD funding is not required for specific locations they currently serve. This effort aligns with requirements outlined in the BEAD Restructuring Policy Notice issued by NTIA on June 6, 2025.  

 

For more information on how to submit evidence and the deadlines, please visit the BEAD Program page. You will find the “Unlicensed Fixed Wireless and BEAD Location Eligibility” policy notice at the top of the page.